Asad's Business and Technology Articles

Most of the students are confused with the difference between Accounting and Finance… Accounting is majorly concerned with the recording, classifying and reporting of the data relevant to Assets, Liabilities, Expense, Income and Capital of the business, whereas, Finance is the management of Cash/Money/Funds. The purpose of the Finance is to control the financial resources of business and making long term decision for business future.

Suppose that we all are students having common goals to flourish in life and get right job in right time and become professional of our relevant field. Suppose, again, we want to get exactly what we desire for. It is human nature to think in advance to make dreams of future. We all peoples being students make future plan too. Some of us want to become Electrical Engineers, Doctors, Architects, or some others to be Accountants and Business Executives. All imaginations in the minds of student should be, to achieve goals in general. In Pakistan various educational institutions, Universities and Colleges are providing education to students. Higher Education Commission (HEC) is the central governing body controlling affairs of the institutions. Unfortunately, there are less educational institutions providing up to standard quality education. Today, in this business world, every day some new discoveries are made in technology and old-fashioned equipment are discarded out of market. One sho...

There are various Professional institutions in Pakistan like; Institute of Cost and Management Accountant of Pakistan (ICMAP), Institute of Corporate Sectaries of Pakistan (ICSP), Pakistan Institute of Public Finance Accountants (PIPFA) and  Institute of Chartered Accountant of Pakistan (ICAP).  ICSP members works as Company secretaries for large organizations where they deal in company affairs PIPFA and ICAP members works in finance and Accounts at middle levels and majority Chartered Accountants are also employed in companies as Auditors where they just audit companies accounts instead of value addition in business. Pakistan with weak industry, under deep crisis need survival. Most of the industries working in Pakistan are generating very low profit the reasons may be that these having high production cost or higher Cost of sale, or having unskilled labours or lack of Professionals like; Cost Management Accountants or Industries do not have sufficient capital to invest for e...

In market segmentation we divide the whole market into small segments or parts. It is done because of ease for both seller and buyer. Market segmentation is made by seller who will sell his products to target customers. Segments will help him to access them easily and efficiently. For example, we (organization, say ‘PakMobiles’) make five segments of Pakistan, Punjab, Sindh, KPK, Balochistan and Islamabad. Suppose we want to sell our product that is a vedio camera mobile set (Rs.65,900). Now we want to sell our product in five segments separately then we will have to further divide five segments into smaller segments that are markets like in Islamabad we may make further segments for example; Jinnah Super Market, Abpara Market, Melody and I-9 Market. Here you will find that Jinnah-Super is expensive than abpara and Melody and I-9 Market is cheaper than all. Here we shall supply our product to majorly to Jinnah-Super or abpara, Melody instead of I-9 Market because we know that our prod...

You may be familiar with the term ‘Marketing’ but I believe that you would be in deep confusion about this concept. I mean that you or most of you understand marketing, just advertising or sales promotion. But in reality it is not what you thinking. The easy way I suggest you to understand any concept is to analyze definition of the term. Here I’m going to remove your confusion by presenting you precise definitions of it.

The trade between two or among more than two nations is term as ‘International Trade’. But it is not our purpose we need to analyze this definition more practically than it is defined. A lot of thanks to economist that gave us this theory and helped the under developed countries or even advance to increase their trade volume, export and import.

Managers when go for decision making must have knowledge about threats and opportunities. They must ready to face any contingency and must know how to deal with. Some events are uncontrollable like storms; earthquake and weather etc. and some can be controlled like, demand and supply, by proper management. Now, we are going to study the challenges faced by manager during planning by Environmental forces. Recall we studied in science about environment that anything other than system. So what is system? That we are system or our homes consider a system and other people that are outsider like our neighbors etc. are environment. Similarly we can say that within organization there is also a system and there is an environment outside.  We can categorize the external environmental forces into following ways. Political and Legal Environment. Economic Environment. Technological Environment. Culture Forces. Demographic Environment. So, all the above discussed forces must be borne by ...